Disclaimer: I am not a historian, This article is based on my own research from various sources, including historical articles, documentaries, and blogs.
WTF?
As my curiosity about the Scottish National Animal arose, a single, perplexing question dominated my thoughts: What the fuck, Scotland? For those unacquainted with this emblematic creature, I urge you to let your imagination roam. Is it the elusive Scottish wildcat, the majestic red deer, or perhaps the charming and handsome highland cow?
Considering Scotland's patriotic spirit and the resilient nature of its people, such guesses might seem fitting. However, they would miss the mark entirely.
Surprisingly, the Scottish national animal is none other than the unicorn—a mythical creature often associated with childhood fantasies and whimsical décor. Intrigued, I delved deeper into my quest for answers, seeking to unravel the mystery behind this unexpected choice.
Source: BBC - What unicorns mean to Scottish Identity
1. Origins of the Unicorn Myth
The origins of the unicorn myth are shrouded in the mists of time, with its first recorded mentions dating back to ancient civilizations. Across cultures and continents, the unicorn took on various forms and symbolism. In Greek mythology, it was described as a fierce creature with a single horn protruding from its forehead. In Chinese legends, it was revered as a symbol of purity and grace, often depicted as a gentle, deer-like creature.
Throughout history, the unicorn captured the imagination of people around the world, appearing in literature, art, and even heraldry. Its elusive nature and association with purity and magic made it a captivating figure, often representing ideals such as innocence and untamed beauty.
Despite its mythical status, some cultures believed in the existence of unicorns as real creatures, albeit incredibly rare and elusive. Tales of encounters with unicorns added to the allure of this enigmatic beast, fueling speculation and wonder.
While modern skepticism may dismiss the unicorn as nothing more than a fanciful creation of the human imagination, its enduring legacy continues to inspire awe and fascination. Whether seen as a symbol of purity or a testament to the power of imagination, the unicorn remains an enduring emblem of mystery and wonder.
There are in India certain wild asses which are as large as horses and even larger. Their bodies are white, their heads are dark red, and their eyes dark blue. They have a horn in the middle of the forehead that is pure white. The upper part is sharp and of a vivid crimson, and the middle portion is black. This animal is exceedingly swift and powerful, so that no creature, neither the horse nor any other, can overtake it.
Ctesias book Indica, written around 400 BCE. This quote has been shortened in order to focus on key points.
2. When Were They First Documented?
The unicorn's origins trace back to ancient civilizations, with its earliest written account documented in the 4th century by the Greek historian Ctesias. However, his description, likely based on hearsay, resembled the Indian Rhinoceros more closely. Despite this, the unicorn captured the imagination of cultures worldwide, symbolizing purity, strength, and even Christ-like qualities in Christian symbolism. Over time, it became a heraldic symbol of nobility and chivalry. Today, the unicorn remains a potent symbol of magic, imagination, and individuality, transcending time and culture. Ironically Ctesias had never been to India and was basing this statement on other descriptions and theories of the legend.
Ctesias, in his account, also ascribed healing properties to the unicorn's horn, sparking a fervent quest for the creature throughout the Middle Ages. By the 17th century, apothecaries falsely peddled unicorn horn powder, often made from rhino horn or walrus ivory, perpetuating the myth's allure and inadvertently contributing to the poaching of rhinos.
For over 3000 years, the notion of the unicorn has persisted, captivating the human imagination. In ancient times, the concept of a mystical, all-powerful creature provided endless fascination and speculation, eclipsing the need for scientific validation. The unicorn became the ultimate embodiment of mystery and wonder, fueling imaginations and shaping cultural beliefs for millennia.
3. The Arrival of the Legend in Scotland
In the 12th century, the concept of the unicorn gained traction in Scotland, intertwining with religious symbolism and legends. As tales of this mystical creature proliferated, it became associated with Jesus Christ, a motif found in both the Bible and the Quran.
Under the reign of William I of Scotland, known as William the Lion, the unicorn found a prominent place in Scottish heraldry. William included the unicorn on the royal coat of arms, symbolizing strength, purity, and nobility. Legend even suggested that only a King possessed the power to capture such a magnificent beast, further elevating its status as a symbol of royal authority and divine favor.
'When Scotland and England unified under the reign of James VI and I, the Scottish Royal Arms had two unicorns supporting a shield. When James VI became James I of England and Ireland, he replaced one of the unicorns on the left of the shield with the national animal of England, the lion, to show that the countries were indeed united.' (Source: Visit Scotland)
The unicorn, a symbol of purity and power, found fervent favor among Scottish Kings, notably James III, who embraced it wholeheartedly, igniting its status as an emblem of national significance.
4. Justification for the Unicorn
Folklore Influence
Consider Scotland's rich history of folklore, including the famous Loch Ness Monster—a creature deeply ingrained in Scottish legend. In a land steeped in myths and tales, the choice of the unicorn as the national animal aligns with this tradition of embracing the fantastical and extraordinary.
Symbolic Resonance
The characteristics attributed to unicorns—pride, untamable spirit—mirror the renowned traits of Scots themselves: proud, resilient, and fiercely independent. It's as though the unicorn embodies the epitome of Scottish identity—a symbol of strength and determination.
Landscape and Legend
Surrounded by mystical landscapes and enduring legends passed down through generations, Scotland is a land of mystery and intrigue. What better representation for such a land than a creature of myth and legend, embodying the spirit of the people and the country itself?
Mythological Conflict
Delving into Western mythology, the rivalry between the lion (England's national animal) and the unicorn adds another layer of symbolism. As natural adversaries, these creatures reflect the historical animosity between England and Scotland, echoing their tumultuous past and the enduring spirit of Scottish defiance.
"Mother Goose", Volland Popular Edition (1921), Illustration von Frederick Richardson (1862 - 1937)
However, as comedian Ray Zambino humorously points out, some may perceive Scotland's choice of the unicorn as a whimsical or even childish decision. However, it could be interpreted as a symbolic assertion of power over England, represented by the lion, in a sort of mythical rivalry.
Nevertheless, considering the influence of royal representation, the rich history of mythical creatures, the symbolic purity associated with the unicorn, the enduring folklore, and the potential symbolism of triumph over their historical adversary, perhaps the initial question of "WTF?" finds its resolution in these multifaceted layers of meaning.
In exploring Scotland's choice of the unicorn as its national animal, we uncover not just a quirky selection but a deep history, symbolism, and cultural significance. It's a reminder of the complexity and depth underlying even the most seemingly whimsical choices. And there you have your dose of history for today.
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